diff --git a/frontend/src/crdt/WebSocketProvider.ts b/frontend/src/crdt/WebSocketProvider.ts
index 3e2f609..82888af 100644
--- a/frontend/src/crdt/WebSocketProvider.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/crdt/WebSocketProvider.ts
@@ -45,7 +45,14 @@ export class WebSocketProvider {
     this.setStatus('connecting');
 
     const fullUrl = `${this.url}/ws/collab/${encodeURIComponent(this.docName)}`;
-    this.ws = new WebSocket(fullUrl);
+    try {
+      this.ws = new WebSocket(fullUrl);
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.warn('[WebSocketProvider] Failed to construct WebSocket:', err);
+      this.setStatus('error');
+      this.scheduleReconnect();
+      return;
+    }
     this.ws.binaryType = 'arraybuffer';
 
     this.ws.onopen = () => {
diff --git a/frontend/src/crdt/useYjsBinding.ts b/frontend/src/crdt/useYjsBinding.ts
index 69d0bb2..705963c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/crdt/useYjsBinding.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/crdt/useYjsBinding.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export interface UseYjsBindingResult {
   clearSelection: () => void;
 }
 
-const DEFAULT_WS_URL = `ws://${window.location.hostname}:3001`;
+const DEFAULT_WS_URL = `wss://${window.location.host}`;
 
 export function useYjsBinding(opts: UseYjsBindingOptions): UseYjsBindingResult {
   const { docName, wsUrl = DEFAULT_WS_URL, userId, userName, userColor, enabled = true } = opts;